Network nodes crave an IP address configuration that normally comprises the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway IP for the router, proper name servers and other values.
Administrators tin can manually ready this information, resulting in a static configuration. A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server can also dynamically provide the information.
Generally, servers, routers, network printers and other such devices accept a static configuration. Workstations, laptops, phones, tablets and other end-user devices receive their configuration via DHCP.
Client devices lease their IP address configuration past using the following four-step DORA process:
Discover. The client broadcasts an attempt to discover a DHCP server.
Offer. DHCP servers that receive the client broadcast offering an IP address configuration.
Request. The client formally requests the IP configuration from the first DHCP server to respond.
Acknowledge. The DHCP server acknowledges the lease and doesn't offer that aforementioned address to some other customer.
The lease must be renewed by the client periodically.
At present that we've briefly reviewed how IP addresses are allocated and the lease generation process, let's delve into more particular about how to configure the Windows Server DHCP service.
1. Install DHCP on Windows Server 2019
The DHCP service is not automatically installed on Windows Server 2019. It is like shooting fish in a barrel to add, however, using either Server Manager or Windows PowerShell.
To add DHCP using Server Manager, select Add Roles and Features, and then select DHCP in the Roles list.
To add the DHCP role using the command line, open Windows PowerShell (Admin), and blazon the following:
Install the DHCP role past using Windows PowerShell.
The installation takes about one minute to complete.
In one case admins install the DHCP service, they can manage it by selecting Tools > DHCP.
2. Authorize DHCP in Agile Directory
Windows-based DHCP servers must exist registered with Agile Directory (AD) before they begin offer IP address configurations to clients.
Right-click on the server node in the DHCP panel, and select Authorize to accomplish this authorization. You lot need Enterprise Admin privileges to authorize DHCP.
iii. Create a scope
Before building the first pool of bachelor IP addresses, it's disquisitional to program the deployment. Devices, such as servers, routers and even printers, may have static IP address configuration. Make sure you have identified these addresses and that y'all allow for them in telescopic. Many administrators place all statically assigned IP addresses at the front of the telescopic.
Here is a simple example pattern:
Scope address range: 192.168.ii.0/24
Static IP addresses: 192.168.two.1 through 192.168.2.25 (exist certain to leave some room for boosted devices)
Dynamic IP addresses: 192.168.2.26 through 192.168.2.254
Y'all also demand to gather additional configuration details, including the following:
Name and description. The scope name and an optional clarification.
Default gateway value. The IP address of the network interface carte du jour in the router attached to this network.
Name resolution servers. The IP address of one or more than DNS servers.
Reservations. Any IP addresses that are dynamically allocated to specific clients, enabling those clients to acquire a consistent IP configuration from DHCP.
Lease fourth dimension. The time the IP address lease is valid. Information technology needs to be renewed at the halfway point of the lease. The Windows Server DHCP default is eight days.
4. Configure and activate the telescopic
One time you lot have documented the to a higher place values, you lot tin configure the telescopic. Right-click the server node in the DHCP console, so select New Telescopic. A wizard prompts you for the information you collected above. These settings can be changed later.
Create a new DHCP scope.
Once activated, the DHCP server begins responding to DHCP client discover messages by offer IP addresses. The scope tin be deactivated, the DHCP service tin can be stopped or restarted, and the DHCP server can be deauthorized in AD.
5. DNS registration
DNS relates easy-to-remember hostnames with difficult-to-remember IP addresses. This database can exist populated in several ways.
One method is to configure the DHCP server to create resources records for the client. The DHCP server can be ready to create A records (hostname to IP address), arrow (PTR) records (IP to hostname) or both.
The default is for DHCP to create the PTR record, while the customer itself registers its tape with DNS.
Configure DNS options.
Administrative DHCP tasks
The DHCP service is elementary to configure. But sys admins often find some additional settings to be useful.
Create reservation
In some cases, it's useful to allow a client auto to maintain a consistent IP address. While you could set the IP accost configuration statically, it'southward often improve to reserve the IP address for the client in DHCP. The client goes through the DORA process to receive its settings, and so values, such equally router and name resolution servers, can still be updated via DHCP.
Reserve an IP address for the Dev-Computer.
DHCP failover
With Windows Server 2012, Microsoft introduced DHCP failover. It seems many administrators are unaware of this capability. Configuration is straightforward and requires no special software.
To configure DHCP failover, use the post-obit steps:
Ensure the DHCP office is installed on both DHCP servers and that they accept network connectivity with each other.
Configure a DHCP scope on one of the servers.
Right-click the scope, and select DHCP Failover from the context menu.
Complete the wizard.
Select the 2d DHCP server, and detect that the new scope appears.
Configure DHCP failover.
Logs
Managing service log files is a standard part for sys admins. DHCP writes letters to Event Viewer and to text files.
Sys admins can check the system log for general DHCP and network messages. They can notice DHCP entries by drilling down to Applications and Services > Microsoft > Windows > DHCP-Server > Microsoft-Windows-DHCP-Server-Events > Operational.
DHCP also generates text-based log files stored at C:\Windows\System32\dhcp. These logs are extremely useful for troubleshooting. They can brandish data for why the server was unable to lease configurations to clients.
DHCP text logs
Annotation that the text file logs are named based on days of the week and are overwritten weekly. If you lot want to retain these logs, y'all must rename them before the upcoming solar day of the week tin overwrite them.
The DHCP role is not installed by default, so the start step is to add together it. From there, create a new scope based on your plan.
Be conscientious of alien scopes
As more than subnets -- and, therefore, more than DHCP scopes -- are added to the network, information technology's imperative that sys admins accurately document the IP address ranges. Overlapping scopes, where two DHCP servers are offering the aforementioned IP addresses to clients, issue in a variety of network communications problems.
This is part of the reason why Microsoft requires DHCP servers to be authorized in AD. That authorization can but be implemented past Enterprise Admins, who should have plenty wide knowledge of network configuration to prevent conflicting scopes.
Avoid duplicate IP address offers
One of the most serious misconfigurations is a client computer configured with a static IP address that falls within the DHCP server's scope. In that case, the server can offer the IP accost to a client because information technology is unaware of the static IP. This results in an IP address conflict.
The Windows DHCP service can be configured to ping an IP address earlier offering it to a client. If the ping returns a response, the DHCP server knows the address is already in use and should non be offered. The server offers a different address to the client.
Configure conflict detection attempts.
The ping request occurs betwixt the Find and Offer steps of the lease generation procedure. It introduces a pregnant delay, so but configure this setting if you accept a real concern about undocumented static IP addresses on client devices.
Conclusion
Microsoft has made the configuration of a DHCP server straightforward. Brand sure you have a solid understanding of the unabridged network's IP address configurations earlier y'all begin and plan your scope effectually both dynamic and static IP address assignments.
The DHCP role is not installed by default, so the first stride is to add it. From there, create a new scope based on your plan. Add any options, such as DNS and reserved addresses. Review log files regularly. DHCP is simple simply disquisitional for network communication.
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